The fuselage is a semi-monocoque structure. It made from various
aluminium alloys except for the following parts.
- Fiberglass: radome, tailcone, centre & outboard flap
track farings.
- Kevlar: Engine fan cowls, inboard track faring (behind
engine), nose gear doors.
- Graphite/Epoxy: rudder, elevators, ailerons, spoilers,
thrust reverser cowls, dorsal of vertical stab.
Different types of alluminium alloys are used for different areas of
the aircraft depending upon the characteristics required. The alloys are
mainly aluminium, zinc, magnesium & copper but also contain traces of
silicon, iron, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium and probably
several other elements that remain trade secrets. The different alloys
are mixed with different ingredients to give different properties as
shown below:
Fuselage skin, slats, flaps - areas primarily loaded in tension - Aluminium alloy 2024
(Aluminium & copper) - Good fatigue performance, fracture toughness and
slow propagation rate.
Frames, stringers, keel & floor beams, wing ribs - Aluminium alloy
7075 (Aluminium & zinc) - High mechanical properties and improved
stress corrosion cracking resistance.
737-200 only: Bulkheads, window frames, landing gear beam - Aluminium alloy
7079 (Aluminium & zinc) Tempered to minimise residual heat treatment
stresses.
Wing upper skin, spars & beams - Aluminium alloy 7178
(Aluminium, zinc, magnesium & copper) - High compressive strength to
weight ratio.
Landing gear beam - Aluminium alloy 7175 (Aluminium, zinc,
magnesium & copper) - A very tough, very high tensile strength alloy.
Wing lower skin - Aluminium alloy 7055 (Aluminium, zinc, magnesium &
copper) - Superior stress corrosion.
See also fuselage page for further details
about fuselage structure.
Outsourcing
Many
components are not built by Boeing but are outsourced to other
manufacturers both in the US and increasingly around the world. This may
be either for cost savings in production, specialist development or as
an incentive for that country to buy other Boeing products. Here is a
list of some of the outsourced components:
- Fuselage, engine nacelles and pylons - Spirit AeroSystems
(formerly Boeing), Wichita.
- Slats and flaps - Spirit AeroSystems
(formerly Boeing), Tulsa.
- Doors - Vought, Stuart, FL.
- Spoilers - Goodrich, Charlotte, NC.
- Vertical fin - Xi'an Aircraft Industry, China.
- Horizontal stabiliser - Korea Aerospace Industries.
- Ailerons - Asian Composites Manufacturing, Malaysia.
- Rudder - Bombardier, Belfast.
- Tail section (aluminium extrusions for) - Alcoa / Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing, China.
- Main landing gear doors - Aerospace Industrial Development Corp, Taiwan.
- Inboard Flap - Mitsubishi, Japan.
- Elevator - Fuji, Japan.
- Winglets - Kawasaki, Japan.
- Fwd entry door & Overwing exits - Chengdu Aircraft, China.
- Wing-to-body fairing panels and tail cone - BHA Aero Composite
Parts Co. Ltd, China.
737 NG Key Production Dates:
17 Nov 1993: Boeing directors authorize the Next-Generation
737-600/-700/-800 program. Southwest Airlines launches the -700 program,
with an order for 63 aircraft.
5 Sep 1994: The 737-800 is launched at the Farnborough Air
Show.
15 Mar 1995: The 737-600 is launched with an order for 35 from
SAS.
28 Apr 1995: The new engine for the Next-Generation 737
family, the CFM56-7, powers up for its first ground test at the Snecma
test facility in Villaroche, France.
1 Dec 1995: Major assembly begins on the No. 1 737-700 model
when a 55-foot-long spar, or horizontal wing structure, is loaded into
an automated assembly tool in the Renton, Wash., factory. Assembly also
begins in Wichita, Kan., on the first 737-700 fuselage Section 43 panel
(an upper fuselage section).
16 Jan 1996: The CFM56-7, makes its first flight attached to
the left-hand wing of a General Electric 747 flying test bed in Mojave,
Calif.
20 Mar 1996: The 737-700 program reaches its 90 percent
product definition release, marking a major engineering milestone for
the new 737 family. The milestone signifies the transition from the
development phase to production phase of the program.
22 Apr 1996: The first 737-700 machined wing ribs arrive from
Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan. Boeing 737 wing ribs were previously
built-up assemblies. The single-pieced machined ribs increase quality
and decrease weight.
30 Apr 1996: The first Common Display System for the
737-600/-700/-800 flight deck arrives at the Boeing Integrated Aircraft
Systems Laboratory in Seattle. The programmable software display unit
allows airlines to easily maintain the flight deck and to tailor it to
their specifications.
17 Jun 1996: Assembly begins in Wichita, Kan., on the No. 1
nose, or cab, section for the first Boeing 737-700.
2 Jul 1996: Boeing launch the Boeing Business Jet, derived
from the 737-700 model.
15 Jul 1996: Employees at the Boeing Renton, Wash., factory
unload the No. 1, left-hand 737-700 wing out of its tooling and move the
approximately 50-foot-long structure to its next manufacturing position.
26 Jul 1996: The last major body structure for the first
737-700 fuselage is loaded into the integration tool in Wichita, Kan.
12 Aug 1996: Assembly begins in Wichita, Kan., on the nose
section of the first 737-800.
24 Aug 1996: The first 737-700 one-piece fuselage leaves
Wichita, Kan., bound for Renton, Wash.
3 Sep 1996: The first completed 737-700 fuselage arrives in
Renton, Wash., after travelling nearly 2,200 miles from the Boeing
Wichita plant. The first pair of CFM56-7 engines arrive at Propulsion
Systems Division in Seattle for engine build-up.
18 Sep 1996: Wings are attached to the first 737-700 fuselage
in the Renton, Wash., 737 factory.
6 Oct 1996: The first 737-700 fuselage rolls on its own
landing gear to the final assembly area, where flight control surfaces,
engine and systems are installed.
7 Oct 1996: The 23-foot, 5-inch vertical tail is installed on
the first 737-700. The vertical tail weighs approximately 1,500 pounds.
10 Oct 1996: The horizontal stabilizers are attached to the
first 737-700, completing the installation of all major airplane
structures.
20 Oct 1996: The second 737-700 fuselage arrives in Renton
from the Boeing Wichita plant.
26 Oct 1996: The first CFM56-7 engine is attached to the right
wing of the first 737-700. The left-hand engine is installed the next
day.
29 Nov 1996: The No. 3. 737-700 arrives in Renton from the
Boeing Wichita plant.
2 Dec 1996: The first 737-700 rolls out of the Renton factory
and advances into the paint hangar.
8 Dec 1996: The first 737-700 is introduced to the world at
The Boeing Company's Renton, Wash., plant. Nearly 50,000 guests attend
the Next-Generation 737 celebration.
9 Feb 1997: The first Boeing 737-700 makes its maiden flight,
with Boeing Capts. Mike Hewett and Ken Higgins at the airplane's
controls. At 10:05 a.m. PST, the airplane -- painted in the Boeing red,
white and blue livery -- takes off from Renton Municipal Airport in
Renton, Wash., as hundreds of Boeing employees and their families watch
and cheer. After heading north over Lake Washington, the pilots fly the
newest member of the 737 family north over Tattoosh, east to Spokane and
then back to Western Washington before landing at Boeing Field in
Seattle.
14 Mar 1997: The fuselage of the first 737-800, destined for
German-carrier Hapag-Lloyd, arrives in Renton from Boeing Wichita, after
traveling 2,190 miles by railcar. At 129 feet 6 inches in length, the
737-800 is 19 feet 2 inches longer than the 737-700.
11 Apr 1997: The first 737-800 rolls to final assembly for
airplane systems, horizontal stabilizer and vertical tail installation.
30 Jun 1997: The first 737-800 debuts at a ceremonial rollout
on the north end of the 737 final assembly factory. A crowd of several
thousand Boeing Commercial Airplane employees are on hand to witness the
premiere of the 129-feet-6-inch airplane -- the longest 737 ever built.
The first 737-800 is the 2,906th 737 built and the 6,508th commercial
airplane built by Boeing in Renton.
31 Jul 1997: The 737-800 makes its first flight, with Boeing
Capts. Mike Hewett and Jim McRoberts at the airplane's controls. At 9
a.m. PDT, the 129-foot, 6-inch 737-800 takes off from Renton Municipal
Airport in Renton, Wash., as Boeing employees cheer. After heading north
over Lake Washington, the pilots fly north to the Straits of Juan de
Fuca and conduct a series of flight tests between there and Tatoosh.
Three hours and five minutes later, the airplane lands at Boeing Field
in Seattle.
17 Dec 1997: Boeing delivers the first Next-Generation 737-700
to launch customer Southwest Airlines. The event is marked by a brief
ceremony at Boeing Field. The airplane later departs for Love Field in
Dallas, Texas.
23 Jul 2000: The first Next-Generation 737-900 stars in a
ceremonial rollout at the Renton factory. Employees of launch customer
Alaska Airlines and Boeing employees who worked on the 737-900 program
attend the event.
12 Jan 2001: First production 737 "blended" winglets arrive in
Seattle, Wash.
14 Feb 2001: The first shipset of "blended" winglets is
installed during production of a Next-Generation 737 at the Renton,
Wash. factory.
14 May 2004: The 1,500th Next-Generation 737 is delivered to
ATA Airlines. The Next-Generation 737 family reached this milestone
delivery in less time than any other commercial airplane family, six
years after the delivery of the first model. The Next-Generation 737
bested the previous record holder, the Classic 737 series, by four
years.
17 Jan 2005: Final assembly time for Next-Generation 737 is
cut to 11 days, making it the shortest final assembly time of any large
commercial jet. The feat marks a 50 percent reduction in assembly time
since the implementation of Lean tactics began in late 1999.
13 Feb 2006: Delivery of the 5,000th 737.
8 Aug 2006: Rollout of first 737-900ER.
Production Article from Boeing:
Boeing Commercial Airplanes performs major assembly of all 737s at
its factories in the United States; however, parts for the airplanes
come from suppliers all over the world.
Assembling a 737 is a complex job. Factory employees must take 367,000
parts; an equal number of bolts, rivets and other fasteners; and 36
miles (58 kilometers) of electrical wire; and put them all together to
form an airplane.
The fuselage, or body of the airplane, is produced at a Boeing plant in
Wichita, Kan., in the American Midwest. At that facility, employees
attach the nose section of the airplane's fuselage to the center and
tail sections. When the fuselage is complete, it is strapped aboard a
railroad car for a 2,175-mile (3,500-kilometer) train ride across the
United States.
When the train arrives at the Renton factory, the fuselage is
transferred to a large cart and wheeled to the final assembly building,
where it spends about 13 days.
During the first stage of final assembly, factory workers focus on the
interior. In the same way carpenters might finish the inside of a house,
they install insulation material along the inside walls of the fuselage,
then add wiring and plumbing.
When the fuselage is ready to move to the next stage of production, an
overhead crane located 89 feet (27 meters) above the floor lifts it high
into the air and gently places it down into its next position. Here,
precision tools are used to install the landing gear and the two wings,
making the structure look like a real airplane. At this point, the 737
can roll along the factory floor and take its position in the moving
production line.
Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly line to automobile
manufacturing a century ago. Boeing became the first commercial airframe
manufacturer to use the concept to build jetliners when first the 717,
and then the 737, production lines were transformed into a moving line.
The moving line helps reduce the time to assemble the airplane and also
cuts inventory and production costs.
The 737s on the line move continuously at a rate of 2 inches (5
centimeters) per minute; the line stops only for employee breaks,
critical production issues or between shifts. Timelines painted on the
floor help workers gauge the progress of manufacturing.
Near the beginning of the moving line, an overhead crane lifts the
23-foot-high (7-meter) tailfin into place so it can be attached. Next,
floor panels and serving galleys are installed and functional testing
begins.
In a test called the "high blow," mechanics pressurize the plane to
trick it into thinking it is flying 92,847 feet (28,300 meters) in the
air (more than twice as high as it will fly in service). Then,
inspectors make sure there are no air leaks. In another test, large
yellow jacks lift the 154,983-pound (70,300-kilogram) airplane into the
air so employees can try out the landing gear retraction system.
As the airplane moves closer to the end of the line, the rest of the
interior is completed - lavatories, luggage bins, ceiling panels,
carpets, seats and other essentials are installed. Right before the 737
exits the final assembly factory, mechanics attach the jet engines.
Once assembled, the airplane is towed to a hangar for painting. About 50
gallons (189 liters) of paint are used on an average 737; the paint
weighs approximately 300 pounds (136 kilograms).
When painting is complete, the airplane is ready for a Boeing test
flight - one last step to make sure the 737 is ready to fly passengers.
After Boeing test pilots fly the airplane, the customer's airline pilots
take it for a test run.
When the customer test flight is complete, the 737 is ready for delivery
to its new owner. And one more plane is added to the roster of 737s
flying the skies worldwide.
31 Jan 2013 - Boeing ramps up 737 production to 38 airplanes per month
RENTON, Wash., 31 Jan. 2013. Boeing (NYSE:BA) workers are now
assembling Next-Generation 737 at a rate of 38 airplanes per month in
its Renton, Wash., facility. Boeing has grown production of the 737 by
more than 20 percent, from 31.5 to 38 airplanes a month, over the past
two years. Boeing’s executive leadership anticipates another increase
in 2014, to a rate of 42 airplanes a month. "We have more hard work
ahead of us, but we are well on our way to another successful production
rate increase," says Beverly Wyse, vice president and general manager
of the 737 program. Employee teams have been instrumental in reducing
737 production flow by developing and implementing innovative efficiency
improvements, says a spokesperson. The first Next-Generation 737 built
at the new rate is scheduled to be delivered in the second quarter of
this year.
14 Jul 2011 - Boeing considering production rate of 60 aircraft a month
Boeing is once again contemplating increasing the production of
its Renton 737 airliner production lines, its commercial airplanes chief
executive says. Jon Ostrower, writing on FlightGlobal.com, says
Boeing Commercial Airplanes CEO Jim Albaugh has asked Boeing production
executives to gather information about what changes would be necessary
at the plant and among suppliers to raise production to 60 737s a month.
That's nearly twice the present 31.5 planes a month the plant makes
now. Boeing has already scheduled several stepped rate increases to take
that production to 42 monthly by 2014. Boeing's two existing
production lines in Renton are capable of producing 21 planes a month
each when suppliers are able to furnish parts and subassemblies at that
rate. The plant has a third 737 production line that is now dedicated
to building militarized versions of the 737 for the U.S. and foreign
navies. Those planes are equipped with sensors and weaponry to hunt
submarines. That third assembly line could theoretically be equipped to
also produce commercial airliners. Albaugh told the National
Aeronautic Association in a speech this week that if the company can
figure out how to build that many planes a month, Boeing could sell
them. Albaugh is fresh from a meeting with American Airlines which may
order up to 250 single-aisle jets from either Boeing or Airbus.
American has been a Boeing-only customer in recent years. At present
production rates, the company, however, is sold out through 2016 for the
737. Boeing wants to offer big customers such as American earlier
delivery slots to win their business. Read more:
http://blog.thenewstribune.com/business/2011/07/14/another-boeing-737-assembly-rate-increase-in-the-works/#ixzz1S9ZWfAxJ
16 Jun 2011 - 737 Production Rate to rise to 42 a month
Boeing says it will build 500 737NGs annually, beginning in
2014, in a strong endorsement of the strength of its supply chain and
airlines to withstand the threat of high fuel prices and economic
uncertainty in Europe and the U.S.
The new rate, 42 per month, is the fourth boost in the past two
years and will be absorbed by the second final assembly line at
Boeing’s Renton facility, south of Seattle. The company’s 737 backlog
is more than 2,100 aircraft.
Line One is already carrying its share of that rate at 21 per
month, so the second line will absorb the increase from its current
10.5.
For several years, Boeing has been concerned that frustration
over long lead times would drive its customers to other products
unless it boosts production rates. That concern is not aimed just at
Airbus—Bombardier in Canada, Comac in China and Irkut in Russia are
developing 737 competitors.
Meanwhile, legacy airlines have learned to manage their way
through economies that continue to remain weak so well that order
rates for 737s remain strong.
The improvement package includes cabin upgrades of larger
baggage bins and better lighting. The combination has helped sustain
demand, says 737 General Manager and Boeing VP Beverly Wyse.
Sixty-four customers have ordered the upgrades, she says.
Renton went to a 31.5-per-month rate in 2009, or not quite 1.5
airplanes per day, given an average 22 work days per month. The rate
is expected to reach 35 per month early next year, 38 per month in the
second quarter of 2013 and the 42 rate in the first half of 2014. The
31.5 rate is a record pace, so each increase sets a new standard for
Boeing’s commercial production.
Overall, Boeing is boosting total airplane production 40% by 2013, the other big jump coming on its 777 widebody line.
Airbus previously announced a shift to 42 per month. Boeing
officials say the Airbus figure was about the equivalent of 38 per
month because the Europeans are factoring in that factories are closed
in August.
Boeing does not build the 737 fuselage—Spirit AeroSystems does
in a factory previously owned by Boeing in Wichita. The 42 rate has
been under discussion for months. The big concern was not whether
Boeing’s own workers and factories could keep up the pace, but whether
the supply chain could do so. “We have worked very closely with our
supply chain ... to ensure we can increase rate in an efficient and
responsible fashion,” says Wyse. “We believe that many of the capital
investments and production system changes made for 38 airplanes per
month will already position us to build 42.”
The Renton facility dates to World War II but has been so
thoroughly modernized over the past decade that it can support 737
production rates as high as 63 aircraft per month, Wyse says.
31 Aug 2010 - Upping 737 output further may be too costly
Chief Financial Officer James Bell said Tuesday that raising
production rates for the 737 jetliner to 40 a month from a planned 35
could be too costly to implement. Speaking at an analyst conference in
New York, Bell said the manufacturer can lift monthly 737 output to 35
without a "significant amount of capital expense," but such spending
would have to increase if the rate were to go higher. Furthermore, there
is concern that current market demand may not be sustainable, Bell
said. In other areas, profit margins among Boeing's civil aircraft lines
are "as close to what we can do," Bell said. However, if 737 rates are
lifted, it could provide a margin benefit for other models. Meanwhile,
Boeing said last week it would have to delay the first delivery of the
787 to early next year, but Bell said costs associated with the new
delay can be absorbed by the company.
18 May 2010 - Boeing to increase 737 production rate to 34 a/c per month
Boeing today announced that it will increase production rates on
the Next-Generation 737 program to 34 airplanes per month in early
2012. The planned rate increase is aimed at satisfying continued strong
demand for the Next-Generation 737. In addition, the company continues
to study further potential 737 rate increases, given continued customer
demand. “With over 5,200 sold to date, the Next-Generation 737 is the
workhorse in our customers’ fleets around the world,” said Boeing
Commercial Airplanes President and CEO Jim Albaugh. “Even through the
global economic downturn, our diverse 737 backlog has remained very
strong. Increasing the 737 production rate is the right thing to do to
meet the growth and fleet replacement needs of our customers.” The
current production rate on the 737 program is 31.5 airplanes per month.
Suppliers for the 737 program are prepared to support the rate increase.
The production rate decision is not expected to have a material impact
on 2010 financial results. “The global economy continues to recover this
year and we believe that airlines will return to profitability in
2011,” said Randy Tinseth, vice president of Marketing for Boeing
Commercial Airplanes. “We believe that there will be an increased demand
for airplanes – especially in the market served by the Next-Generation
737 – in 2012 and beyond.” With more than 2,000 unfilled orders from
more than 80 customers around the world, the Next-Generation 737 is the
newest and most technologically advanced airplane in its class.
Airfinance Journal’s investors’ and operators’ poll consistently ranks
the Next-Generation 737 as the most preferred airplane in its class due
to its wide market base, superior efficiency and lowest operating costs.
12 Dec 2009 - 737 Production Rate to Remain Same
Good news coming this week from a top Boeing Executive on 737
production rates. Boeing is seeing no reason to change how many of the
737 jetliners they build a month. All year, there's been growing
speculation and concern Boeing would reduce how many 737's they build
because a drop would likely lead to layoffs at Spriit Aerosystems.
"There is no change and let me repeat. There is no change in our
assessment that we can hold the 737 at its current build rate of about
31 airplanes per month," Boeing CFO James Bell said. No change on 737
rates could be some of the best news Spirit Aerosystems employees have
heard in a while. Spirit is Boeing's largest supplier. The single aisle
737 fuselage then by rail sends it to Renton, Washington for assembly.
Bell spoke at a Bank of America Merril Lynch conference this week and
answered skeptics who've been predicting a 737 rate cut. "Now while I
know that some are skeptical about our ability to hold our single aisle
rates, there are several factors that support our rationale around this
rate assumption." Bell says Boeing was careful not to ramp up 737 rates
too high during the up cycle. Instead, he says the company worked with
customers to keep rates steady for a longer time. "We had over
committments of delivery positions and a large backlog of over 2,000
737's." So he says Boeing has been able to absorb order deferrals and
cancellations on the 737 without cutting production. Boeings had 215
deferrals through the third quarter this year, but says, since then,
order deferrals are slowing down. Also, Bell says airlines are replacing
older less fuel efficient planes with ones to save money. "And that's
helped us to be able to maintain those single aisle rates." Spirit
Spokeswoman Debbie Gann says this is good news but also says Spirit is
still working to control costs because of other production cuts. Now if
the 787 successfully flies next week and gets on track, there will be
more to celebrate in the new year.
10 Feb 2008 - Boeing considering increased production rate of 737
Boeing may increase production of its popular 737 line of narrowbody
airliners, if domestic carriers place orders soon for the planes.
In comments before Cowen & Co.'s Aerospace/Defense conference last
week, Boeing Commercial Airplanes CEO Scott Carson said the planemaker
has mulled over whether to increase production of Boeing's best-selling
line of aircraft. "It feels like there might be enough solid demand to
do it, but we're watching very carefully," he said, according to
TheStreet.com.
In addition to the question of whether suppliers could keep up with
increased production rates, there's also the matter of whether a number
of domestic carriers will soon place orders to justify the increase.
During a conference call with investors last month, Boeing CEO Jim
McNerney said the planemaker has "been in extended discussions with a
couple of the major carriers who have not participated in this order
cycle. It wouldn't surprise me if a couple of deals with these folks
came to fruition in '08."
Industry analysts think big Boeing orders from American and Delta may
soon be forthcoming, as those carriers look to replace their fleets of
McDonnell-Douglas MD80-family aircraft. American, for one, has said
numerous times it wants to replace its aged MD-82s and -83s. The carrier
is slowly replacing its 300-plane fleet of MD-80s with new 737-800s,
from a previous order. The carrier is slated to receive 23 -800s through
2009.
This week, Carson (right) noted American's MD-80s "are not very
efficient with this fuel price," and will need to be replaced sooner or
later. If that order comes 'sooner,' it alone could be enough to support
increased production.
Less certain are Delta's plans to replace its own MD-88s and -90s.
Both types are somewhat newer than American's models, and have
more-efficient turbofans. But airline spokesperson Betsy Talton says
Delta has no plans for "a significant fleet replacement order anytime
soon.
"The strategy is to improve the fleet we have," she added.
"Acquisitions will be limited and strategic in nature."
There is a wild card, however -- a possible Delta merger with
Northwest Airlines. If such a merger takes place, the combined carrier
-- which many believe will be run by Delta -- may move quickly to
replace Northwest's ancient DC-9 fleet. The DC-9s are paid for... but at
such high fuel prices, the savings from using more efficient aircraft
would likely offset the added cost of making lease payments.
If the decision to step up production comes, Boeing could make as
many as 40 737s per month, up from its current level of 32 planes,
according to industry analyst Scott Hamilton. "They've been looking at
it for quite some time," he said. "The question has been whether the
supply chain can do that."
Hamilton adds Carson criticized rival Airbus's plans in 2006 to ramp
up production of the A320 narrowbody line. "In this hot market, it would
be easy to be consumed with the desire to sell anything to people
walking through the door who want to buy and push our production system
to the point where you could break it," Carson said in September 2006,
as reported by ANN. "It’s much harder to say, 'I’m sorry, we’re sold
out.'"
Indeed, Boeing was hamstrung by that very problem in the late
1990s... and the resulting flood of Boeing planes in a cooling market,
as it fought to compete with Airbus, almost bankrupted the planemaker.
There's also the question of whether Boeing's current five-year
backlog on 737 production may be cut back drastically, as airlines seek
to cancel orders due to slackening demand... which, depending on who you
listen to, may or may not be coming.
27 Nov 2007 - 737 Flaps to be Built in Vietnam
TOKYO (AFP) — Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries said Tuesday that
it aimed to be the world's first manufacturer to open an
aircraft-related production plant in Vietnam with a new facility due to
open next year.
The production plant, which is due to open in Hanoi in January, will
employ up to about 200 people when production picks up assembling flaps
for the Boeing 737, a company statement said.
It said the move was in response to growing price competition,
praising Vietnam's "diligent labour force, robust economy, stable public
security and the presence of overseas transport routes."
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries said it would be "the first manufacturer
in the world to locate its aircraft-related production facility in
Vietnam."
The Japanese group is looking to shift some of its assembly
operations overseas and focus its domestic facilities on high
value-added work.
Mitsubishi also manufactures wings for Boeing's next-generation 7E7
Dreamliner jet and is developing what it hopes will be the first
passenger jet to be built in Japan.
The announcement coincided with a visit to Japan by Vietnamese
President Nguyen Minh Triet, whose country is enjoying rapid economic
growth and luring a growing number of Japanese companies to set up
production plants there.
Japan is a major market for Boeing, with Japanese carriers buying
planes almost exclusively from the US aerospace giant.
28 Apr 2005 - Boeing Looks into Raising 737 Production
By Dan Roberts in New York
Boeing is examining ways to ramp up production of its short-to-medium
range 737 aircraft as recent strong demand places strains on
manufacturing capacity.
Some analysts believe there is now a 36-month wait for the US
manufacturer's single-aisle jet, which has proved popular among budget
airlines.
21 Apr 2005 - Boeing may cut back in Wichita
If Boeing Co. doesn't sell its Wichita commercial operation to Onex
Corp., the airplane maker will likely reduce its presence there, a
Boeing official said this week.
The Wichita site could be divided into fuselage work, strut and
nacelle work and support work. The company also could outsource
production of smaller parts and explore a sale of its fabrication
business.
In short, Boeing would continue its overall strategy of focusing on
large-scale systems integration, Morris said.
"We wouldn't be able to continue to invest the money into Wichita to
allow it to grow," he said.
And Wichita likely would not receive major portions of future new
airplane programs, including any replacement for Boeing's popular 737 or
any new plane after the planned 787, Morris said. Boeing Wichita builds
the 737 fuselage.
1 Apr 2005 - Asian Composites Manufacturing Selected to Produce
Boeing 737 Aileron Components
The Boeing Company and Asian Composites Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (ACM)
recently celebrated the selection of the Malaysian company to produce
aileron panels and components for the Boeing Next-Generation 737 family
of airplanes and the first delivery to Hawker de Havilland this month.
During the ceremony, Michael Rufert, managing director, Hawker de
Havilland, presented a plaque to Dr. Nazily Noor, general manager, ACM.
Nazily, displaying a sample composite aileron panel, then provided
information on the components, their importance to ACM's business and
ACM's selection for this important work.
Asian Composites Manufacturing Sdn Bhd -- a strategic alliance
between Sime Darby Berhad and Naluri Berhad of Malaysia and Boeing and
Hexcel Corporation of the United States -- is a world leader in
supplying composite materials to the global aerospace industry. Hawker
de Havilland, a Boeing subsidiary, headquartered in Port Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia, is the integrator for 737 ailerons.
Ailerons are hinged sections on the trailing edge of each wing that
are used to help the airplane to bank, allowing the airplane's flight
path to curve.. Ailerons typically work in opposition to each other --
the right aileron is deflected in the opposite direction that the left
is deflected.
The aileron components are shipped to Hawker de Havilland for
incorporation into complete aileron units. Final assembly for the Boeing
737 family is based in Renton , Wash.
"We are delighted to be entrusted with the manufacture of these
Boeing Next- Generation 737 aileron components and we look forward to
providing the world's airlines with the high quality and reliability
that they associate with the 737 family," said Dr. Nazily. "Because of
the rapid growth of the global commercial airplane market and the
extreme popularity of the 737, this new work will increase our
production by about 15 percent."
ACM currently produces advanced composite structures for wings of all
Boeing jetliners in production. The ACM facility, located in Bukit Kayu
Hitam, commenced production in June 2001 and employs more than 310
skilled Malaysians, along with an all-Malaysian management team.
"The selection of ACM is evidence that the management and production
teams have proven their dedication and commitment to excellence," said
Dr. Dinesh Keskar, senior vice president, Sales -- Boeing Commercial
Airplanes. "This is an excellent example of a growing partnership
between Boeing and the Malaysian aviation industry."
2 Mar 2005 - Alcoa has agreed to a multi-year contract with Shanghai
Aircraft Manufacturing Factory to provide aluminum parts for the tail
section assembly of the Boeing 737, the companies announced Monday.
Alcoa's China Alcoa Global Extruded and End Products business will
produce 650,000 pounds of hard alloy aluminum extrusions a year at
plants in Lafayette, Ind., and South Korea starting immediately. Alcoa
already supplies aluminum sheet and plate and aerospace fasteners to
Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing.
13 Feb 2005 - The new weapon in Airbus rivalry: speed
Down on the Renton factory floor, Boeing's fight to win back 737
market share from rival Airbus has become a matter of time.
To cut costs, Boeing must move the airplanes through its factory more
swiftly, and Renton director of manufacturing Larry Loftis is paring the
production cycle to a tautness unimaginable just a few years ago.
Just last week, Boeing announced it had cut the time to move a Boeing
737 through the factory to 11 days, half the time required only five
years ago. Loftis and his team sliced two days from the process in just
the last six months alone.
Next Loftis wants to assemble the aircraft in eight days, from start
to finish, 18 months from now.
Then he wants to lower it to six days.
"We think there's tons of opportunity here," he said. "We've barely
scratched the surface."
Observers believe that cost-cutting is critical for the 737, which is
now Boeing's smallest available aircraft and which has lost ground to
the Airbus A320 models after a series of significant Airbus wins. That
trend started in the fall of 2002, when British discount carrier easyJet
chose Airbus for 120 model A320s, replacing Boeing as its fleet
supplier. And this year discounters AirAsia and Air Berlin also chose
Airbus over Boeing, with 40 and 70 Airbus 320 orders, respectively.
While Boeing brass has suggested the Airbus aircraft were sold below
cost, Airbus officials have said the sales were profitable. Airbus now
has 1,028 model A320s on order, compared with Boeing's 776 model 737s.
"Those three really hurt, when you put them together," said Paul
Nisbet, president of JSA Research in Rhode Island, about the Airbus
wins. "I think quite a bit of it is about price. That seems to be the
reason most often given by the buyers for their selection."
Speed translates directly into savings by, among other things,
preventing Boeing from carrying the high costs of unused inventory.
Production problems can be more quickly solved if there are fewer
aircraft on the line, and fewer parts in bins. Faster production means
fewer worker hours per aircraft.
And because the focus is reducing waste, not rushing, the company is
getting there by involving everyone, from engineers to machinists.
Together, they're trying to figure out ways to pare excess. Reducing
complexity can decrease potential variables, increasing quality even as
production times are cut, Loftis said.
The goal, Loftis said, "is to be able, at the end of the day, to make
the airplane at a lower cost."
Some of the methods the production teams are expanding include:
Learning which aircraft parts can be standardized and which are
variable. Then systems can be set up to automatically "pull" from
suppliers the standard parts, about 60 percent of the aircraft, leaving
humans free to focus attention on fewer variable parts. Developing
visual cues that tell workers if there's a problem in their part of the
line and where it is, so it can be swiftly fixed. Bringing tools and
parts to workers in "kits," so workers no longer have to go looking for
what they need. Simplifying the aircraft itself, so that assemblies are
larger and more standardized, and so that fewer types of fasteners are
used. Reducing inventory so there's less complication. Forming temporary
week-long action teams any time there are problems, so those problems
can be solved permanently. Moving line workers, managers and engineers
into close proximity in the same building, to improve and speed
communication. Creating more permanent teams to focus on parts of the
airplane. Keeping the aircraft moving past the workers and parts so that
workers can focus on assembling instead of looking for things. One
indication of how Loftis is pushing the curve is that he's already
divided the 737 moving production line into eight "flow day positions,"
which is three fewer than the 11 days it now takes to make a plane. The
disconnect keeps workers thinking toward the goal of even-faster
production rates.
"It keeps everyone in the mindset of, 'we're not there yet,'" he
said.
Five years ago, when 22 aircraft would be in production at once,
Loftis remembers that engineers and machinists were spending hours
talking about the details of each aircraft and problems that were
cropping up. At any one moment, nobody knew exactly what was going on.
Now, any problem is obvious for all to see.
Looking down the line, everyone can see eight large scoreboard-like
panels, each one topped by a color beacon that reflects the production
status. When the line is running smoothly, all eight beacons are green.
Loftis likes to call the panel areas "concierge desks," because each is
staffed with helpers who can help solve problems if they arise.
Each panel displays the name of up to 16 different teams, which
specialize on specific parts of the aircraft. And the self-assigned team
monikers tend to be playful, with names like Tube Techs, Crawlers, or
Shakers.
If a problem arises a worker hits a button, and the green light
suddenly changes to yellow. The board lights up with the name of the
group encountering the problem and its category. A team member goes to a
nearby computer, open to the factory floor, and writes a description of
the problem in more detail. The station's "concierge," as Loftis likes
to call it, can call in an emergency team to solve the problem. If the
problem isn't solved in 30 minutes the light turns purple and the line,
running at two inches an hour, stops until it's fixed.
One of Loftis' goals is to develop more visual cues to make the
production status more accessible for everyone working on the aircraft.
He's also planning to create a second moving line to replace the
sideways shifting of the first four fuselages just after they enter the
plant, now done by cranes. The fuselages are stuffed with wires and
insulation in the first days.
"We have now been able to segregate the portion of the airplane that
is basic and stable. It allows us, for those systems, to put them on
automatic pilot," Loftis said. "We do have a strategy of getting fewer
and simpler parts going into the airplane."
Then there's the matter of toolboxes.
Not too many years ago, machinists' toolboxes served as a mark of
distinction and accomplishment. Mounted on wheels, they weighed hundreds
of pounds and were emblazoned with decals from the program their owners
had worked on. Their owners rolled them out at the beginning of a shift,
and then parked them when their shift was done.
Now the boxes are gone from the Renton plant; the last left just
months ago.
Instead of workers bringing their own tools, now the tools they need
are delivered to the assembly stations in "kits," each tool in its place
for a particular job, always in a blue plastic box. Parts come in gray
boxes; hazardous materials come in green boxes.
The result is the workers no longer spend much of their time looking
for tools and parts; they just put things together.
"We're trying to treat our mechanics like surgeons so they don't have
to go look for anything. Everything is provided right at the aircraft,"
he said.
27 Jan 2005 - Boeing Reduces 737 Airplane's Final-Assembly Time by 50
Percent
The Boeing Next-Generation 737 airplane is making history again as the
application of lean manufacturing techniques gives it the shortest
final-assembly time of any large commercial jet.
The 737, the world's most popular commercial airplane model, is now assembled
in 11 days at the company's Renton , Wash. , facility. That's a 50 percent
reduction since lean techniques were introduced there in late 1999.
"Speed is just one aspect of this remarkable achievement," said Carolyn Corvi,
737/757 Programs vice president and general manager. "With market conditions for
airlines constantly changing, shorter assembly times allow them to make
decisions about interior configuration and systems closer to delivery. That's a
great benefit to them."
"We're not going to stop at a 50 percent reduction, but improving our
production system isn't just about doing things fast. It's about doing
everything better, continuously enhancing the quality of our products and the
processes we use to design and build them," Corvi added.
In addition to reducing assembly time, the 737 program has reduced
work-in-process inventory by 55 percent and stored inventory by 59 percent.
The program's moving assembly line is the most compelling symbol of the
factory's lean improvements. That line moves products from one assembly team to
the next at the steady pace of two inches per minute. Other lean techniques
Boeing uses include just-in-time delivery systems, point-of-use staging of tool
and parts kits, standardized work processes, and visual control systems.
The lean techniques, which Boeing is applying to other production lines,
enable a smooth, continuous production flow, enhancing the quality and
efficiency of production processes.
11 Dec 2004 - More Outsourcing by Boeing
Further signs of globalization in manufacturing came from Alcoa and Xian
Aircraft Co., China’s largest aircraft manufacturer. The two signed a multi-year
contract for aluminium extrusions for the tail section assembly of the popular
Boeing 737 model. Alcoa plants in Indiana, Arizona and South Korea will move
aluminium to the Chinese manufacturer of an American aircraft sub-assembly.
Alcoa shares retreated .76 to 32.10. The shares have fallen from 38.00 last Dec.
31, despite rising revenues and profits.
22 Sep 2004 - Shanghai delivers its 500th 737 horizontal stabilizer
Beijing, Sept. 21 (Xinhuanet) -- Shanghai Aircraft Manufacture Factory
yesterday delivered the 500th next-generation 737 horizontal stabilizer to the
Boeing Company, marking another significant milestone in the Boeing-China
aviation partnership.
"The delivery underscores the key role China's aviation manufacturing
companies have in Boeing's global supplier network," said David Wang, president
of Boeing China, China Daily reported Tuesday.
The next-generation 737, the newest member of the Boeing 737 family,
continues the 737's pre-eminence as one of the world's best-selling and most
reliable commercial jet planes.
The factory has had a mutually beneficial relationship with Boeing since 1995
when the project was launched and it delivered the first set of 737 horizontal
stabilizers to Boeing in 1999.
"Everything is going on smoothly and now the factory produces 14 sets a
month," Wang said.
Boeing's 737 family has won orders for more than 5,300 airplanes. China
operates 296 Boeing 737s, accounting for nearly 40 per cent of the commercial
jets flying in China.
The next-generation 737 planes will be delivered to clients in 2008 after one
year's trial flying, said Wang.
"We remain excited about the 737 and we will continue to invest in and
improve the next-generation 737 family," said Larry Loftis, director of 737/757
Operations, Boeing Commercial Airplanes.
China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Corp signed an agreement with the
Boeing Company in October 2001 for 30 Boeing 737 jetliners, valued at
approximately US$1.6 billion.
In September 2004, Boeing finalized an order agreement with Air China for
seven new next-generation 737-700 jetliners, Loftis said.
"Talks with other Chinese airlines about new orders are under way," Wang
said.
At present, Boeing is co-operating with factories in Xi'an, Chengdu, Shenyang,
Chongqing and Harbin to manufacture 737 vertical fins, 747 trailing edge ribs,
757 horizontal stabilizers, 757 cargo doors and 737 tail section module.
"We will further help those factories to enlarge their capability of
manufacturing parts and components for 737 planes," Wang said.
Boeing's investments are growing and its procurements of aviation hardware
from China total about US$500 million to date and are expected to reach US$1.3
billion by 2010, he said.
Boeing is continuously expanding its partnerships in China, as evidenced by
current efforts to create a Boeing Shanghai Aviation Services joint venture to
be based at Shanghai Pudong Airport.
The venture is being set up to modify, maintain and repair Boeing airplanes,
he said.
29 Apr 2004 - Boeing to increase production of 737
The airline industry environment remains mixed with trends varying between
carriers and regions. A number of low-cost carriers continue to gain market
share, remain profitable and order new airplanes. There have been encouraging
signs that the global economy and air traffic are recovering and that airline
interest is increasing. Commercial Airplanes is experiencing increased demand
for 737s as airline passengers continue to value frequent, direct routes and
airlines focus on reducing costs. As a result, the Company expects airplane
deliveries to increase slightly in 2005 before a further increase in 2006.
The Company expects deliveries in 2004 to be approximately 285 airplanes. In
2005, deliveries are now expected to total approximately 300 airplanes, up
slightly from previous expectations that it would be the same as 2004, driven by
increased demand for single-aisle airplanes. The delivery forecast is
essentially sold out for 2004 and 92 percent sold for 2005. The increase in
deliveries is reflected in improved Commercial Airplanes revenue and operating
earnings guidance ranges. Demand for aircraft spares has recently improved and
is expected to slowly strengthen as this market recovers more fully in 2005.
09 Apr 2004 - Boeing sees boost of aviation supplier in China
XI'AN, April 9 (Xinhuanet) -- US aviation giant Boeing hopes that its Chinese
part supplier Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd.(XAC) will cooperate with
its in future development, a top Boeing China executive said here Thursday.
David Wang, president of Boeing China, made the remark at a ceremony
celebrating XAC's delivery of the 1,000th vertical fin for Boeing 737 in Xi'an,
capital of Shaanxi Province in northwest China.
"XAC has become a major partner of Boeing in China, as 80 percent of Boeing's
737 airplanes are equipped with parts manufactured by XAC," said David Wang.
A survey of Boeing employees shows that they are satisfied with XAC products,
said Wang.
As one of the largest aircraft manufacturing companies in China, XAC has
cooperated with Boeing for 20 years. Since their first contract in 1984, XAC has
produced nearly 3,000 B737 vertical fins, horizontal stabilizers and access
gates for Boeing with an export volume of 198 million US dollars.
According to Gao Dacheng, manager of XAC, the company has become the biggest
supplier of vertical fins for B737, capable of producing 10 sets per month. By
the end of this year, the figure will rise to 14.
The 260-million-US dollar contract for manufacturing 1,500 new style B737
vertical fins was signed in August 1995.
13 Jun 2003 - 737 Production to be Increased to 17 Aircraft a
Month from November
For the first time since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks,
Boeing plans
to increase the speed of one of its commercial aircraft production
lines. Union employees in Seattle and Wichita said Thursday that Boeing
is beginning
to ramp up parts production and to prepare more work stations on its
Renton 737
assembly line. While company spokeswoman Sandy Angers declined to
comment on production
rates, Renton workers say they've been told 737 production will jump
from 14
planes a month now to 17 a month in November. Boeing halved its 737
production rates after airlines postponed and
cancelled
orders following the terrorist attacks and subsequent economic downturn.
Renton was producing 28 planes a month in mid-2001.
The single-aisle 737 has been Boeing's best-selling airplane this year with
37 of the company's 40 new orders being for 737s. The rate increase will affect production of 737 fuselages, engines struts and
nacelles and other parts at Boeing's Wichita, Kan., plant before it reaches
Renton. The Wichita Eagle reported this week that production of those subassemblies
will ramp up beginning in August at Boeing's plant there. Those large parts are
shipped by rail to Renton for final assembly. In Wichita, Boeing spokesman Dick Ziegler said workers may be shifted to the
737 from other jobs, and a few of the 5,000 workers laid off there may be
recalled.
28 March 2002 - Boeing trims 737 assembly line
RENTON -- Boeing Co. has announced it will consolidate production of its 737
jetliner into a single assembly line at its Renton plant next month and may
eventually produce 757s on the same line.
The consolidation was prompted by a post-Sept. 11 slump in demand for new
airliners and a push to increase production efficiency, the company said.
The single 737 assembly line will follow the "moving line" concept,
in which planes are built continuously, advancing through the factory in a
nose-to-tail fashion.
If production demand improves, a second line may be reopened, Boeing
spokeswoman Sandy Angers said.
Angers acknowledged the company is studying whether 757s can be built in a
single line along with 737s, but called it a distant prospect.
"It isn't something that's done in the aircraft industry," she
said, "but it's not uncommon in the auto industry."
Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to Chicago last year, has
periodically hinted that it is looking at moving narrow-body construction from
Renton to vacant space in its Everett plant.
But Alan Mulally, the president of the company's commercial airplanes
division, recently assured business leaders the company has no present plans to
abandon its Renton plant.
Meanwhile, Boeing is more than halfway through its plan to lay off 30,000
commercial airplane workers. More than 23,000 layoff notices have been given out
so far, most of them in the Puget Sound area. Of those, nearly 19,000 workers
are already off the job.
SEATTLE, Oct 17, 2001 - Boeing to cut production in half; 737 hit hardest
Boeing will be building half as many jetliners in the Puget Sound area by
late spring, according to the aerospace giant's revised production schedules
being issued to suppliers.
Total production of five jetliner models assembled in Everett and Renton will
fall from 43 per month to 23 a month by the middle of next year, a 47 percent
drop that exceeds some industry observers' worst expectations. The Seattle Times
obtained the figures from two Boeing suppliers.
Boeing would not comment on the rates.
Production of the 737, Boeing's biggest seller, will decline the most,
dropping from 28 planes a month now to 14 a month by the middle of 2002. The
single-aisle 757 and the popular twin-aisle 777 also will be hard hit, with
production falling nearly 63 percent and 40 percent, respectively, by around
May.
The pace of the production slowdown is staggered, with the 767 reaching its
lower rate by the first quarter and the 737 not until the middle of next year.
5 August 2001 - 737 production rate reaches new high of 28 per month
By JAMES WALLACE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER
RENTON -- At a time when airplane orders are down and deliveries of new
planes are expected to follow, The Boeing Co. is about to do something it has
never done before at its airplane factory here.
In a matter of days, the 737 production rate will reach 28 planes a month.
That's the highest rate ever for the 737, and establishes a new production
pace that has been in the planning for more than a year for the popular twinjet.
"Everything is going well," Carolyn Corvi, vice president of the
737 program, said in an interview.
"As we work into this increase in rates, what we have done with 'lean'
has helped us do this much more smoothly than maybe we would have expected to do
in the past."
Those lean manufacturing methods being implemented for the 737 program
include the first continuously moving production line.
By the first half of next year, Corvi said, today's three 737 production
lines will be collapsed to two lines -- still producing 28 planes a month.
At first glance, it might seen odd that Boeing is increasing the production
rate of its 737 to record levels during a severe downturn in the airline
industry, when many analysts predict that orders for single-aisle jets such as
the 737 will be down substantially over the next couple of years.
Last year, Boeing won 391 orders for the 737. So far this year, customers
have placed only 83 firm orders. Boeing is expecting an additional 30 to 40
orders for the 737 from China this year, possibly later this month or next.
Boeing has said it will deliver 538 jets this year, but that production would
slip to between 510 and 520 jets in 2002.
The company told analysts last month it expects only a "modest"
reduction in production in 2003.
Boeing does not break out its production projections by model.
Some analysts believe Boeing might have to cut its 737 production rates
toward the end of next year if orders don't pick up.
But Boeing does have a healthy 737 backlog of planes that have been ordered
but not yet delivered.
Of Boeing's total backlog of about 1,500 planes, 952, or 64 percent, are for
the 737.
Even if Boeing did not win any more orders for the 737, the backlog
represents three years' worth of production.
And the more planes Boeing can turn out a month, the greater the opportunity
to capitalize on the many cost-saving changes that have been made in the
production of the world's most frequently flown jetliner.
"The more airplanes that go out the factory door, the better the
benefits," Corvi said.
Boeing announced in June 2000, on the heels of a nearly 100-plane order from
Southwest Airlines for the 737, that it would boost production from 24 planes a
month to 28.
The target then was to reach the higher rate this month.
Production rates cannot be changed quickly. Suppliers, for example, must be
told months in advance that they will need to produce more or fewer parts.
"We always want to avoid jerking rates up or down," Corvi said.
"That's not only counterproductive but expensive.
"As we work to manage our production system, one of the things we always
look at is how do we manage the rates in such a way that allows us to support
the demand from the market and at the same time allows us to manage our
production so that it's not costing us a fortune to build the airplane."
The previous high production rate for the 737 was 27 in a month, when the
older "classic" series jets were still being produced in 1999.
Production of those models ended late that year.
Now Boeing is only building its next generation 737-600, -700, -800 and -900
models.
And the changes that are being made in the Renton factory are as significant
as those that separate the new 737s from the older models.
Since late 1999, five days have been shaved from the 737's cycle time. That's
the time from when the 737 fuselage -- which is shipped to Renton by rail from
Wichita, Kan. -- is placed in the first tooling jig in the factory until a
complete airplane rolls out of the factory.
The cycle time is now down to 18 days.
And it will probably go lower.
"We just keep working to reduce it," Corvi said.
The moving line is a critical part of the 737 production plan.
Although the processes have grown much more complex, the same basic
station-to-station production method has been used for decades to build
commercial jetliners.
Planes are typically moved from one station to the next and parked each time
at a slant.
On a moving line, the planes are parked nose to tail. Once the moving line is
fully implemented at the Renton factory, planes will be pulled along the line at
a constant rate, though the line can be stopped at any time if there is a
problem.
"The real focus around moving the airplane has been to force us to a
situation where we continue to reduce our inventory," Corvi said. "We
have seen more and more space being freed up in our factory where we used to
store a lot of parts."
What's known as the "parts control area" of the Renton factory has
been reduced by 26 percent since the first quarter of 2000. Only 90,000 square
feet of factory space is needed now, compared with 121,000 square feet before.
More space will be freed when the third 737 line disappears next year. The
plan is to have both remaining lines be continuously moving from the point where
the wings are joined to the fuselage until the plane leaves the factory door.
To accomplish that, the moving line is being implemented in stages, beginning
with the final assembly station before the jet leaves the factory.
Corvi said she recently invited Boeing's other airplane program managers to
see what is happening with 737 production in Renton.
Those program managers meet every week in a conference room to discuss what
each is doing.
"The purpose of (going out on the factory floor) was to walk them
through the progress we have made on the 737 line," Corvi said.
"Rather than just read about it, they got to go out on the floor and
talk with people and ask questions and really see it for themselves."
A moving line is expected to next be used to assemble the 757 in the same
Renton factory. The concept possibly will be implemented over time at the
Everett factory, where Boeing builds its widebody jets.
And it is almost certain to be used in the assembly of Boeing's planned sonic
cruiser later this decade.
30 Jun 2000 Boeing to Boost 737 Production - Seattle Post
By JAMES WALLACE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER
On the heels of a record 737 order yesterday from Southwest Airlines, Boeing
announced plans to increase production next year of its popular twinjet.
The rate will increase from the current 24 per month to 28 with deliveries in
the third quarter of 2001. The 737 is built in Renton, along with the 757.
That will be the most 737s Boeing has ever produced in a month. The previous
record was 27, when the older "classic" series jets were still in
production last year.
But the final classic jet was delivered in December, and Boeing now builds
only the more advanced version of the 737 known as the next generation. There
are four models -- the 737-600/700/800/900.
The first 737-900, which will be the longest 737 ever, will roll out July 23,
Boeing said yesterday. After flight testing it will be delivered to launch
customer Alaska Airlines next year.
The last time Boeing ramped up production on the next generation 737 line was
in March 1999, when the rate went from 21 planes per month to 24.
Boeing said the 2001 rate increase reflects strong sales for the next
generation models, and not just the big order from Southwest for 94 jets.
It is not clear what the higher rate will mean for employment. Because of
improved cycle times and other factory efficiencies, Boeing is able to build
more airplanes with fewer workers.
At a teleconference with Southwest executives, Alan Mulally, president of
Boeing's commercial jetliner business, said the overall outlook for Boeing
planes is improving.
He said deliveries could be a little better than projected for 2001.
Boeing had forecast that it would deliver about 490 jets in 2001 -- about the
same as this year. But 2001 deliveries could top 500, Mulally said.
The industry, which has been in one of its typical downturns that follows a
boom cycle, has started to improve with the economic rebound in Asia. Boeing
delivered a record 620 planes in 1999.
But last year, Boeing had orders for only 391 jetliners, down from 648 in
1998.
Counting the latest Southwest purchase, Boeing has 289 firm orders so far in
2000, and the year is only half over. Of those, 221 are for the next generation
737. That is nearly equal to all next generation 737 orders in 1999.
As the Post-Intelligencer reported yesterday, Southwest took options and
other purchase rights for an additional 196 next generation 737s. All are for
the 737-700, for which Southwest was the launch customer.
The Dallas-based airline, the nation's seventh largest, flies only 737s.
Southwest already has 74 next generation 737-700s on order. Deliveries under
the new order will begin in 2002, adding 10 planes to the current 21 scheduled
for delivery that year.
The 94 firm orders from Southwest is the largest Boeing has ever received for
the 737. They will be delivered through 2007.
At the average list price for the 737-700, the firm orders are worth about
$4.5 billion.
Southwest now has 323 Boeing 737s in its fleet.
Herb Kelleher, Southwest's chairman, told reporters during the teleconference
his airline needs the new jets so it can continue to expand about 10 percent
annually as it serves new markets along the East Coast.
28 Apr 2000 737-900 Assembly begins - Seattle Post
The longest 737 fuselage ever built was to roll through Seattle on a couple
of railroad cars early today on its way to The Boeing Co.'s Renton plant, where
workers will begin assembling the last member of the company's next-generation
family of single-aisle jets.
It was transported here from Boeing's plant in Wichita, Kan., where all
next-generation 737 fuselages are manufactured.
Nearly 9 feet longer than any other 737, the new 737-900 is Boeing's challenge
to the 185-seat Airbus A321-200.
When this first 737-900 enters service with launch customer Alaska Airlines
early next year, it will haul up to 177 passengers in a two-class configuration,
with the range to go from coast to coast.
"We expect the 737-900 to be very successful," said Steve Ford,
Boeing's regional director of product marketing. "When operators begin to
see the efficiency this plane brings, the economics will be very
compelling."
Boeing has so far landed 45 firm orders for its newest 737, including 10 from
Alaska, 15 from Continental, four from KLM and 16 from Korean Air.
The 737-900 is scheduled to roll out of the Renton plant in late July, with
first flight near the end of August. After a six-month flight-test program and
certification, it should be ready for delivery to Alaska next April.
Begun in November 1997 with the order from Alaska, the 737-900 joins three
other smaller siblings in the next-generation family -- the -600, -700 and -800
series.
This is the last offspring, Boeing says.
"We are not expecting any larger family members, and no smaller family
members, either," Ford said.
The 737-900 is a stretched version of the 737-800. Boeing added a forward
body plug of 62 inches and an aft plug of 42 inches, which increased the overall
length by 8 feet 8 inches.
In a two-class configuration, the additional length allows the 737-900 to
carry about 15 more passengers than the 737-800. But the increased size and
weight mean slightly less range. The 737-900 can fly 2,745 nautical miles, about
200 miles less than the 737-800.
The 737-700 can fly the farthest of the four models -- 3,260 nautical miles.
The maximum seating capacity of the 737-900 is 189, a limit imposed by
federal regulation based on the number of exit doors and how quickly passengers
can get out in an emergency.
All four next-generation models have the same wingspan.
The -600 series is the shortest of the four, at 102 feet 6 inches. It carries
about 110 passengers in a two-class configuration. The 737-900 is 138 feet 2
inches in length.
The 737-900 fuselage, which includes everything but the tail section and the
nose radome, is 124 feet 4 inches long. That's 4 feet longer than the Wright
brothers' first flight.
It is so long that a secondary railroad track must be used during the short
trip through Seattle's downtown railroad tunnel. Boeing discovered last year
when it sent a mockup of the 737-900 fuselage on a test run by rail from Wichita
to Renton that because of the angle, the fuselage hit the tunnel walls when
track No. 1 was used.
That was the only transportation problem encountered on the 2,019-mile
journey from Wichita, though Boeing found it had to cut back a wall at its
Renton plant by 2 feet where the fuselage is unloaded from the rail car.
The first of the next-generation jets, which can fly higher, farther and with
much greater operating economics than the older model 737s, was the 737-700. It
rolled out of the Renton factory in December 1996.
Through the end of March, Boeing had firm orders for 1,404 of the
next-generation jets, not including the Boeing Business Jet, which is a version
of the 737-700. Of those ordered, 451 have been delivered to airlines.
The next-generation 737s compete with the Airbus A320 family, which has
proved a formidable rival. The A320 family consists of the A319, a shrunken
version of the mother plane, and the A321, which is a stretch.
Airbus has won several significant competitions the past couple of years in
which its A320 went head to head with the next-generation 737.
But the Boeing planes are selling fairly well, especially the 737-800, which
has 655 orders, and the 737-700, with 600 orders. The 737-600 has so far done
poorly in the market, with only 104 orders.
Airbus claims its single-aisle plane is technologically superior, because
Boeing based the next generation on a design that is almost 40 years old.
The first 737-100 was built in the mid-1960s. Boeing counters that the
next-generation 737 is more advanced than the A320, which entered service in the
1980s.
Richard Aboulafia, senior aerospace analyst at the Teal Group, said the
next-generation 737 is a very good airplane.
"I say it's good enough and more successful than generally
appreciated," he said. That's especially true of the 737-700 and 737-800,
he said, noting that American Airlines recently decided to buy the 737-800, the
first time American has chosen Boeing's 737.
He thinks the 737-900 will do well, too.
"That's the ultimate air transport as a commodity," he said.
"A large number of people in a jet with few bathrooms. It can't be
pleasant, but it sure will be cheap."
Because of the good operating economics, airlines are using their new
737-700s and 737-800s on longer, non-stop routes, including coast to coast.
Aloha Airlines, for example, recently began 737-700 service between the Hawaiian
Islands and Oakland, Calif.
Some passengers do not like to fly the new 737s on such long routes, arguing
it is too uncomfortable for a four- to five-hour flight.
"Is it comfortable? Not really," Aboulafia said. "But comfort
is not really an issue on domestic flights. Air transport, domestically, is a
commodity. It is no different than taking the train or the bus. It's not
something you do to enjoy the food or play billiards. You want to go from point
A to point B as cheaply as possible."
Although Boeing plans no more entries in its next-generation family, the
company is expected to develop the 737-700X, which would be a superlong-range
version that could fly more than 4,000 nautical miles. Boeing sees a possible
niche market for the jet on routes between Europe and the East Coast. |
